ABSTRACT.- Silvopastoral systems (SPS), beyond their productive potential, have been promoted as a strategy for carbon sequestration and contribute to the conservation of biodiversity. The review carried out shows that when it comes to the implementation of these systems in tropical regions, especially where agricultural or livestock activity has displaced natural vegetation, the effects are positive in terms of carbon sequestration, biodiversity, hydrological dynamics and water quality.

ABSTRACT.- Phosphorus (P) is needed by soybean plants to form vital molecules like ATP and nucleotides and perform plant functions like photosynthesis and Nitrogen biological fixation at nodules. Because P concentration in the soil solution is naturally low, P fertilization is applied to satisfy soybean requirements in high yielding crops. However, a small portion of added P is readily available to the plants, while most is retained by the soil matrix and eventually made available or lost through erosion and run-off to water bodies, where it promotes eutrophication.

ABSTRACT.- Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs), specifically nitroalkenes, are gaining recognition for their anti-inflammatory and therapeutic properties. Bovine milk, a major dietary component, may serve as a significant source of these bioactive molecules, complementing its established nutritional profile. This study examined nitroalkene's presence in milk from different bovine strains and lactation stages. NO2-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-cLA) was detected at concentrations up to 5 uM, comprising 2.7% of total cLA.

ABSTRACT.- The ability of plant microbial symbionts to enhance hosts ' fitness depends on the abiotic and biotic context, including the presence of co-existing symbionts. We studied how the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects the performance of a host grass associated or not with fungal asexual endophytes, growing either alone or in interaction with a legume hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

ABSTRACT.- The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive beetle that has killed hundreds of millions of ash trees throughout North America since its arrival. The use of entomopathogenic fungi as part of integrated pest management approaches is considered effective against a wide range of insect pests. The aim of this study was to screen and select locally adapted EAB-associated entomopathogenic fungi with ovicidal effect on EAB eggs under laboratory conditions.

ABSTRACT.- Sorghum is the third major rainfed summer crop after maize and soybean in Uruguay. Worldwide this crop is affected by Fusarium spp. that infect and colonize panicles, kernels, peduncles, stalks, and roots, causing yield losses and threatening grain quality. In Uruguay, F. graminearum sensu stricto (F. graminearum s.s.) is the predominant species in grain, followed by F. proliferatum, F. andiyazi, F. fujikuroi, and F. thapsinum, but little is known about these species in the country.

ABSTRACT.- Cow-calf systems grazing native grasslands must transition toward improved economic performance simultaneously with the conservation and improvement of ecosystem services they provide. We present an innovation model with this objective based on a hierarchical model that links functional relationships between state variables, grazing experiments and its validation, and co-innovation at the farm level.

ABSTRACT.- Intoxication of sheep and cattle by Astylus atromaculatus recently occurred in Uruguay and Argentina in association with severe drought. Although the disease was experimentally reproduced in sheep in the 1970s, there is limited information on clinical and pathologic findings of sheep experimentally intoxicated by this beetle. Here, we described the clinical, gross, and microscopic findings in 3 sheep orally dosed with A. atromaculatus (treatment group, TG) and in 2 control sheep (control group, CG) dosed with distilled water.

ABSTRACT.- Grasslands are often mis-defined, mainly due to the legacy of colonial narratives in several regions, which have described them as deforested, unproductive or wastelands. They have been largely ignored in global conservation and protection policies, leading to increased exploitation. Although there is much accumulated evidence on the ecosystem services that grasslands provide, in Uruguay, this ecosystem is still neglected in parts of society and for most sustainability policies.

ABSTRACT.- Ramularia leaf spot (RLS), caused by the fungus Ramularia collo-cygni (Rcc), has become a threat to barley production in Argentina and the world, causing grain yield and quality losses. Characteristics of the pathogen such as a long latency period, high evolutionary potential, numerous transposonic regions and the ability to infect alternative hosts facilitate Rcc adaption to environmental changes and/or control measures such as fungicides. RLS is considered a sporadic disease in Argentina and its occurrence is highly dependent on weather conditions.