ABSTRACT.- The emergence of plant pathogens is often associated with waves of unique evolutionary and epidemiological events. Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri is one of the major pathogensca using bacterial spot disease of tomatoes. After its frst report in the 1950s, there were no formal reports on this pathogen until the 1990s, despite active global research on the pathogens that cause tomato and pepper bacterial spot disease. Given the recently documented global distribution of X. hortorum pv. gardneri, our objective was to examine genomic diversification associated with its emergence.

ABSTRACT.- Diaphorina citri poses a serious threat to citrus. Here, the nymphicidal activity of mineral and soybean oils, organosilicon, and citrus-essential-oil-derived adjuvants was evaluated. Additionally, mineral and soybean oils were studied for antifeedant and repellent effects on adults. Residual effect on the parasitoid Tamarixia radiata was also assessed. Nymphicidal activity ranged between 65-83%, with Silwet enhancing mineral and soybean oil efficacy. Evaluated soybean and mineral oil exhibited comparable antifeedant and repellent effects on adults.

ABSTRACT.- Silvopastoral systems may provide important production and environmental benefits. The loss of cool-season (C3) grasses from temperate grazed native grasslands is associated with selective grazing and excessive solar radiation that limit their survival. Silvopastoral systems integrate trees with grasslands that provide shade to both cattle and herbaceous plants, potentially favoring C3 species. There is limited information about the effect of trees on the species and functional composition of native grasslands in the Campos biome in South America. The objective

ABSTRACT.- Random-regression models (RRM) are used in national genetic evaluations for longitudinal traits. The outputs of RRM are an index based on random-regression coefficients and its reliability. The reliabilities are obtained from the inverse of the coefficient matrix of mixed model equations (MME). The reliabilities must be approximated for large datasets because it is impossible to invert the MME. There is no extensive literature on methods to approximate the reliabilities of RRM when genomic information is included by single-step GBLUP.

ABSTRACT.- Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus (genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae) that has re-emerged in South America in late 2023, causing severe disease in both horses and humans after a nearly 40-year intermission period. We here describe the virological, serological, pathological, and molecular features of WEEV infection in horses during the 2023-2024 outbreak in Argentina.

ABSTRACT.- Several studies have used aerial images to predict physiological maturity (R8 stage) in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). However, information for making predictions in the current growing season using models fitted in previous years is still necessary. Using the Random Forest machine learning algorithm and time series of RGB (red, green, blue) and multispectral images taken from a drone, this work aimed to study, in three breeding experiments of plant rows, how maturity predictions are impacted by a number of factors.

ABSTRACT.- Pears are widely cultivated in the world. Uruguayan production covers 628 ha. Practically, in its entirety, European-type pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) are grown, and the most planted cultivar is Williams. Most of the orchards in Uruguay are managed without the use of pollinating cultivars. Pear production in recent years has not been stable, with the lack of pollinators one of the main factors that could be influencing this.

ABSTRACT.- Question: Understanding the patterns of alien plant invasions and their underlying drivers is a key step in conserving the remaining native grasslands of Uruguay. We addressed the level of invasion by considering the four invasive alien plants of these ecosystems, Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis plana, Senecio madagascariensis and Ulex europaeus, throughout the country. Location: Remnant native grasslands of Uruguay, constituting part of the Río de la Plata grasslands.

ABSTRACT.- South American beef production varies due to diverse climates, environmental conditions, animal breeds (Bos indicus, Bos taurus and crossbreeds), management strategies, and nutritional sources. Applying technology in the South American beef production system can significantly enhance efficiency, sustainability, and profitability. Reproductive efficiency is a significant challenge, especially in cow-calf operation systems conducted under adverse conditions. Consequently, implementing effective assisted reproduction technologies (ART) can make a significant contribution.

ABSTRACT.- Numerous conservation and regeneration practices are recognized as effective strategies in the management of soil health (SH), a critical factor for ensuring the sustainability of food production systems. Despite their acknowledged importance, the multifaceted impacts of these practices often lead to confounding effects, and reliance on generic categorization of agronomic practices often falls short in portraying the drivers of SH. We advocate for a paradigm shift from a label-centric approach to one rooted in processes.