ABSTRACT.- Despite its sociocultural and economic importance, dairy farming in Uruguay has not experienced a significant increase in cattle stocks in recent decades, partly due to low reproductive efficiency and a high risk of calf mortality. Neospora caninum is one of the primary abortive pathogens in dairy cattle; however, the economic losses caused by neosporosis in Uruguay remain uncalculated. This study aimed to assess the direct annual economic losses for the primary dairy sector (dairy farmers) due to abortions resulting from bovine neosporosis in the Uruguayan herd.

ABSTRACT.- Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are primarily transmitted by the biological vector Rhipicephalus microplus. However, Anaplasma marginale may also be mechanically transmitted through the bites of haematophagous flies such as tabanids. While biological transmission by ticks is the predominant route for Babesia species, some reports suggest that mechanical transmission via fomites contaminated with merozoites may occur. Additionally, mechanical vectors such as tabanids may contribute to the spread of the disease.

ABSTRACT.- The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is widely used as a biocontrol agent, but its efficacy varies depending on the target insect species. Piezodorus guildinii, a major soybean pest, exhibits low susceptibility to B. bassiana. Thus, biocontrol of this pest requires improving virulence of B. bassiana. Here, we used genomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify novel genes associated with the enhanced virulence of B. bassiana strain ILB308 when exposed to the insect epicuticular hydrocarbon n-pentadecane.

ABSTRACT.- The observation time and water background can affect the remote sensing estimates of the nitrogen (N) content in rice crops. This makes the use of vegetation indices (VIs) for N status monitoring and topdressing recommendations challenging, as the timing of panicle initiation and the water level in bays usually differ between farms even when managed using the same irrigation technique.

ABSTRACT.- Intoxication of sheep and cattle by Astylus atromaculatus recently occurred in Uruguay and Argentina in association with severe drought. Although the disease was experimentally reproduced in sheep in the 1970s, there is limited information on clinical and pathologic findings of sheep experimentally intoxicated by this beetle. Here, we described the clinical, gross, and microscopic findings in 3 sheep orally dosed with A. atromaculatus (treatment group, TG) and in 2 control sheep (control group, CG) dosed with distilled water.

ABSTRACT.- Agriculture is transitioning towards more sustainable ways of producing food, fiber, and biofuels, with practices aimed at conserving soil resources by prolonging soil occupation with cash or cover crops and balancing the proportion of cereals and winter legumes when increasing the number of crops in the rotation. Likewise, closing nutrient biogeochemical cycles is critical, particularly for N, which requires adjusting fertilizer rates to avoid surplus or soil mining.

ABSTRACT.- Context: The greenness index of the ear-leaf in maize (Zea mays L.) has been used to assess crop nitrogen (N) status, but it may not accurately predict yield responses to late N fertilization. Objective: This study aimed to i) analyze differences in the greenness index and N sufficiency index (NSI) across maize canopy leaf positions and their relationship with soil N availability, N nutrition index (NNI), and grain yield, and ii) evaluate the accuracy of NSI determined in different leaf positions in predicting the grain yield response to N fertilization at silking.

ABSTRACT.- The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the transference of passive immunity (TPI) and growth achieved by calves born to dams with low or high SCC at dry-off and fed with colostrum from cows with low or high SCC at dry-off. Forty multiparous (3.2 lactations; SD = 1.1), dry, and pregnant Holstein cows were used. © 2025 American Dairy Science Association

ABSTRACT.- The ability of entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana, to infect insects by penetrating their cuticle is well documented. However, some insects have evolved mechanisms to combat fungal infections. The red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), a major pest causing significant economic losses in stored product environments globally, embeds antifungal compounds within its cuticle as a protective barrier. Previous reports have addressed the contributions of non-cuticular infection routes, noting an increase in mortality in beetles fed with conidia.

ABSTRACT.- Refers to original document: "New insights to understand the influence of hairy vetch on maize yield and its response to nitrogen application", European Journal of Agronomy, Volume 162, January 2025, Pages 127434. Francisco Cafaro La Menza, Fernando Salvagiotti, Nicolas E. Maltese, Roxana P. Eclesia, Mirian Barraco, Laura Echarte, Pablo A. Barbieri, Walter D. Carciochi. ---- The authors regret a misspelling in the abstract.