ABSTRACT.- Uruguay's dairy can potentially enhance milk productivity competitively, but intensification risks elevating nitrogen (N) surplus, heightening environmental concerns. This study quantified farm-gate N inputs and outputs, calculating N surplus (input-output) and N use efficiency (NUE=output/input) for 17 commercial modal dairy systems identified in the 2014 and 2019 national surveys and six prospective intensified systems based on experimental pastoral farmlets achieving near-maximal rainfed productivity. .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.

ABSTRACT.- The impact of GnRH treatment on the day of TAI in beef cows has received limited investigation, especially concerning its association with estrus expression. Consequently, two experiments were conducted to assess the potential of GnRH treatment on the day of TAI to enhance fertility according to the expression or not of estrus in beef cows. Experiment 1 aimed to determine ovulation rate and luteal function, while Experiment 2 aimed to determine the effect of the two GnRH treatment approaches on pregnancy rate. © The Author(s).

ABSTRACT.- Mixed systems of grain and livestock production based on pasture-crop rotations are a promising strategy to promote agriculture resilience and allow an ecological intensification of agriculture yet little is known about underlying processes in soil. To test the hypothesis that pasture-crop rotations preserve soil structure and select for beneficial soil and rhizosphere microbiota, supporting soil health and grain production, a long-term field experiment under no-tillage was studied.

ABSTRACT.- Correction to: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59513-6, published online 02 May 2024. The PDF version of this Article contained errors in Equations 1 and 2, where the equations were incompletely displayed. The correct equations are displayed below: (Formula presented.) (Formula presented.) The original Article has been corrected. © The Author(s) 2024.

ABSTRACT.- Understanding how thinning strategies impact wood quality and quantity for different purposes is of interest, given that plantation management is often based on parameters that require validation under varying growth conditions. Planted forests for solid purposes in the northern region of Urugay, western Argentina and South of Brazil are usually managed in initial stockings ranging from 800 to 1200 trees·ha-1 depending on the use of clones or seeds. Subsequent thinnings are applied (at plantation ages varying from 3 to 11 years) up to final stockings of around 200 trees·ha-1.

ABSTRACT.- The increasing global demand for food and the strong effect of climate change have forced animal science to advance regarding new methods of selection in search of more efficient animals in production systems. Feed consumption represents more than 70% of the costs of sheep farms, and more efficient animals can increase the farmers? profitability. One of the main measures of feed efficiency is estimated residual feed intake (RFI), created in 1963 by Robert Koch for estimation in cattle and later adapted for sheep.

ABSTRACT.- Livestock production in southern South America heavily relies on extensive native grasslands, characterized by high plant species diversity, which makes estimating forage digestibility and intake by ruminants in this pastoral ecosystem challenging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to generate regression models to establish the relationship between total faecal nitrogen excretion (FNe) and intake, and faecal nitrogen content (FNc) and digestibility in sheep fed multispecies native forage.

ABSTRACT.- In this article we make comments on some methodological issues and on the general approach of the paper "Back to the future? Conservative grassland management can preserve soil health in the changing landscapes of Uruguay" by Ina Säumel, Leonardo R. Ramírez, Sarah Tietjen, Marcos Barra, and Erick Zagal, Soil 9, 425-442, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-425-2023. We identified various design and methodological problems that may induce potential misinterpretations. Our concerns are of three different types.

ABSTRACT.- Astylus atromaculatus Blanchard is a native beetle of South America that feeds on pollen. During the summer of 2022-2023 in Argentina and Uruguay, an explosive infestation of these insects occurred in pastures in which ruminants were grazing. This was believed to be associated with a severe drought, which had significantly reduced the flowering of crops. Three farms in Uruguay and one in Argentina were visited to examine the flocks and perform autopsies. Affected sheep had watery diarrhea, anorexia, depression, and ruminal atony.

ABSTRACT.- Assimilating external observations of crop state in cropping system models is essential for making spatially explicit predictions of crop variables relevant in precision agriculture. Satellite-based leaf area index (LAI) estimates have been the most frequent variable used as a proxy of actual crop growth. However, additional information beyond LAI, like canopy N content, water content, and structure, can be retrieved from satellite observations.