Abstract: The goal of our study was to improve Tannat grape and wine composition by achieving vine balance in high-capacity conditions. The current Uruguayan grape-growing paradigm accepts unpredictable periods of water deficit or excess in non-irrigated vineyards, only applying herbicides to eliminate weed competition (H). We used an under-trellis cover crop (UTCC) to limit vine water availability and to reduce vine growth rate and final canopy size. However, to avoid excessive vine water stress due to UTCC competition, irrigation was used as needed during water deficit periods.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects that parity may have on production, reproduction and the metabolic status of Holstein cows managed in a production system based on total mixed ration and pasture. Primiparous (n?=?22) and multiparous (n?=?24) cows from a dairy farm research station in Uruguay were used in a completely randomized design. Body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS) and backfat thickness (BFT) were recorded weekly from ?30 to 70 days postpartum. Milk production was measured daily, and milk composition was determined weekly.

In Eastern Uruguay there has been a significant increase of seneciosis in grazing livestock with most affected localities related to counties neighboring the Brazilian border. A survey in 28 farms associated with poisoning outbreaks in grazing cattle in Eastern Uruguay was carried out. Fifty populations of Senecio plants were collected for alkaloid analysis and species identification. Four species were identified:S. oxyphyllus DC, S. madagascariensis Poir, S. brasiliensis (Spreng.) Less., and S. selloi DC.

Abstract. Aim:To analyze group A rotavirus (RVA) environmental contamination in waters used for calves? consumption and to assess viral viability in dairy farm water sources. Methods and Results:We analyzed 202 samples of water used for calves? consumption and RVA was detected by RT-qPCR in 35.1% (95%CI:28.9?42.0%). A marked pattern of seasonality was observed with higher frequency of detection in colder than warmer months (p=0.002). There was no association between viral load and season or between the number of milking cows in the herd and the detection of RVA in the farm.

Abstract. Bovine actinobacillosis is typically characterized by pyogranulomatous glossitis (wooden tongue). The involvement of other tissues, generally the skin or lymph nodes, has been regarded as atypical or cutaneous. We describe herein 2 outbreaks of actinobacillosis affecting primarily the lymph nodes of the head and neck. The disease affected 40 of 540 lactating cows in a dairy herd, and 5 of 335 two-y-old steers in a beef herd.

ABSTRACT. Abstract. Solanum glaucophyllum, a toxic plant known for its calcinogenic effects, causes enzootic calcinosis in ruminant and monogastric animals. We describe an outbreak of enzootic calcinosis that occurred in a herd of 110 horses grazing pastureland heavily contaminated with S. glaucophyllum in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Ten horses developed clinical signs, and 6 horses died.

Abstract:The burgeoning demand for rice in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) exceeds supply, resulting in a rice deficit. To overcome this challenge, rice production should be increased, albeit sustainably. However, since rice production is associated with increases in the atmospheric concentration of two greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the challenge is on ensuring that production increases are not associated with an increase in GHG emissions and thus do not cause an increase in GHG emission intensities.

Abstract: The burgeoning demand for rice in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) exceeds supply, resulting in a rice deficit. To overcome this challenge, rice production should be increased, albeit sustainably. However, since rice production is associated with increases in the atmospheric concentration of two greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the challenge is on ensuring that production increases are not associated with an increase in GHG emissions and thus do not cause an increase in GHG emission intensities.

Abstract Anthracnose olive rot (AOR) is the main fruit disease of olives, causing direct yield losses and declining oil quality. Fruit infection occurs either in spring during flowering and fruit-set or in summer from the beginning of veraison to harvest. Conducive weather conditions (rain, elevated air relative humidity, air temperature above 20 °C) and the lack of effective chemical control strategies may compromise olive oil production.

The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Heteroptera:Thaumastocoridae), is an exotic emerging pest in Eucalyptus commercial forests in South America, Africa, and southern Europe. Information on the chemical communication system and reproductive ecology of this insect is scant, and it may be relevant for designing management strategies for eucalypt plantations. Males emit large amounts of 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate, which attracts conspecific adult males but not females.