ABSTRACT. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops are affected by a diversity of pests. Among these pests, the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and the leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) cause large yield losses. The effects from these insects are often minimized by applying synthetic pesticides, although these have many drawback.

ABSTRACT. Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is responsible for substantial losses in cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops worldwide. Resistance genes have been identified in wild species; however, introduction of these through classical breeding has achieved only partial resistance, which has been linked to poor agronomic performance.

ABSTRACT. Most countries lack effective policies to manage climate risks, despite growing concerns with climate change. We analyzed the policy evolution from a disaster management to a risk management approach, using as a case study four agricultural droughts that impacted Uruguay?s livestock sector in the last three decades. A transdisciplinary team of researchers, extension workers, and policy makers agreed on a common conceptual framework for the interpretation of past droughts and policies.

Abstract:Diets combining herbage and total mixed rations (TMR) are increasingly used in temperate regions for feeding ruminants, but little information is available regarding the effects on nutrient intake and digestion of this feeding management in beef cattle. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of combining TMR (10% CP and 13% ADF), and legume-based herbage (14% CP and 27% ADF) on intake, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, microbial N flow and glucose and nitrogen metabolism in heifers.

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to quantify the response of dairy cows fed a total mixed ration (TMR) to increasing access to high-quality temperate fresh forage with respect to energy intake, rumen fermentation, microbial protein flow, passage rate, nutrient digestion and utilization, and metabolic and endocrine profiles. Nine Holstein cows fed a TMR were assigned to the following treatments according to a 3×3 Latin square replicated 3 times with 20-d periods and sampling on the last 10 d of each period:0 (T0), 4 (T4), or 8 (T8) h of daily access to fresh forage.

A b s t r a c t: The objective of this study was to determine how the social competition for an oestrous ewe affects the sexual behaviour and the endocrine response in two groups of rams, one reared by their mothers and another artificially reared. Thus, we compared the sexual behaviour and testosterone and cortisol changes in each group of rams in competitive and non-competitive tests, both during the first and second breeding seasons.

A b s t r a c t: The objective of this study was to determine how the social competition for an oestrous ewe affects the sexual behaviour and the endocrine response in two groups of rams, one reared by their mothers and another artificially reared. Thus, we compared the sexual behaviour and testosterone and cortisol changes in each group of rams in competitive and non-competitive tests, both during the first and second breeding seasons.

Abstract: Farmers from Paraiba state, Northeast Brazil, claim that Malachra fasciata causes cutaneous lesions in sheep. To test its toxicity the plant was harvested daily and fed ad libitum for 21 days to 3 sheep as the sole food source (# 1?3). An additional sheep (# 4) was maintained as a control. Cutaneous lesions of photosensitization initiated after 7 days and increased continuously over the next 21 days. The dose ingested varied between 129 g/kg to 175 g/kg. Alopecia, hyperemia and crusting were observed in the animals. On day 22, sheep 3 was euthanized.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to estimate the additive genetic correlations, heritabilities and repeatabilities of days open (DO), milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein yields (PY), using data from pasture based dairy systems of Uruguay, and to explore whether DO should be interpreted as a different trait across lactations or as a trait with repeated measures. The database contained 500, 412 and 294 thousand records of first, second and third lactation, respectively. Cows were offspring of 7747 sires. Fertility records lower and upper limits were 42 and 250 days, respectively.

Malformations and reproductive problems are common in goats and sheep in Northeastern Brazil. In this region with 18 million sheep and goats, losses due to malformations are nearly 520,000 kids and lambs. Malformations and reproductive problems are observed in goats and sheep grazing Poincianella pyramidalis. Experimentally dry P.