ABSTRACT.- Southeast Asia (SEA) is a key producer and exporter of rice, accounting for around 28% of rice produced globally. To effectively mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in SEA rice systems, field methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have been intensively studied. However, an integrated assessment of system-level GHG emissions which includes other carbon (C) balance components, such as soil organic carbon (SOC) or energy use, that can positively or negatively influence the net capacity for climate change mitigation is lacking.

ABSTRACT.- Southeast Asia (SEA) is a key producer and exporter of rice, accounting for around 28% of rice produced globally. To effectively mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in SEA rice systems, field methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have been intensively studied. However, an integrated assessment of system-level GHG emissions which includes other carbon (C) balance components, such as soil organic carbon (SOC) or energy use, that can positively or negatively influence the net capacity for climate change mitigation is lacking.

ABSTRACT.- Purpose of Review:This review intends to examine the role of phytochemicals in plant defense mechanisms against environmental stresses and their potential health benefits. Specifically, it aims to explore how pre-harvest insect damage can enhance the production of phytochemicals in pecan and strawberries fruits. Additionally, the review intends to examine the regulation of plant phenolics and ellagitannin derivatives through signal transduction pathways and how these pathways are influenced by biotic stresses.

ABSTRACT.- Weeds can be hosts of root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne. The importance of the species Meloidogyne morocciensis parasitizing many crops is recognized, but their reproductive capacity in weeds is not known. The present study hypothesizes the ability of M. morocciensis to parasitize and reproduce in different weed species found in Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the reproduction of M. morocciensis in 36 weed species. The plants were individually inoculated with 5,000 eggs and second stage juveniles and kept in greenhouse for 60 days.

ABSTRACT.- Weeds can be hosts of root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne. The importance of the species Meloidogyne morocciensis parasitizing many crops is recognized, but their reproductive capacity in weeds is not known. The present study hypothesizes the ability of M. morocciensis to parasitize and reproduce in different weed species found in Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the reproduction of M. morocciensis in 36 weed species. The plants were individually inoculated with 5,000 eggs and second stage juveniles and kept in greenhouse for 60 days.

ABSTRACT.- Success in conserving biodiversity in rangelands depends on effectively managing the systems to achieve positive economic outcomes while preserving biodiversity. In the native grasslands of the Río de la Plata region, livestock production often falls below its potential due to low forage availability. Cattle management strategies that promote taller grass height can increase forage mass without replacing native vegetation, enhancing cattle dry matter intake and potentially boosting production. Nonetheless, the impact of such changes on grassland bird populations remains unclear.

ABSTRACT.- Success in conserving biodiversity in rangelands depends on effectively managing the systems to achieve positive economic outcomes while preserving biodiversity. In the native grasslands of the Río de la Plata region, livestock production often falls below its potential due to low forage availability. Cattle management strategies that promote taller grass height can increase forage mass without replacing native vegetation, enhancing cattle dry matter intake and potentially boosting production. Nonetheless, the impact of such changes on grassland bird populations remains unclear.

Farmers use various pesticides to control pests, weeds, and diseases in order to meet the demands in terms of yields and quality of agricultural products. The use of pesticides in Uruguay has increased steadily since 2000(1). The total number and amount of active substances imported increased from 3.9 to 10.6 thousand tons between years 2000 and 2020. Within plant protection products, herbicides had the highest increase, from 2.1 thousand tons in 2000 to 9.5 thousand tons in 2020(1). Similar trends are observed worldwide(2).

As our understanding of ovarian function in cattle has improved, our ability to control it has also increased. The development of Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) protocols at the end of the 20th century has increased exponentially the number of animals inseminated over the last 20 years. The main reasons for this growth were the possibility of obtaining acceptable pregnancy rates without heat detection and, above all, the induction of cyclicity in suckled cows in postpartum anestrus and prepubertal heifers at the beginning of the breeding season.

As our understanding of ovarian function in cattle has improved, our ability to control it has also increased. The development of Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) protocols at the end of the 20th century has increased exponentially the number of animals inseminated over the last 20 years. The main reasons for this growth were the possibility of obtaining acceptable pregnancy rates without heat detection and, above all, the induction of cyclicity in suckled cows in postpartum anestrus and prepubertal heifers at the beginning of the breeding season.