ABSTRACT. Apple, pear and peach orchards are usually planted in close proximity, and they might share pathogenic fungal species affecting different plant organs. In particular, species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been indicated as responsible for wood diseases in these fruit species. Symptoms frequently observed in Uruguay include papyraceous cankers in apple trunks, dead shoots in pears, and gummosis in peach shoots and branches.

ABSTRACT. Apple, pear and peach orchards are usually planted in close proximity, and they might share pathogenic fungal species affecting different plant organs. In particular, species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been indicated as responsible for wood diseases in these fruit species. Symptoms frequently observed in Uruguay include papyraceous cankers in apple trunks, dead shoots in pears, and gummosis in peach shoots and branches.

ABSTRACT. Aims Sugarcane is a multipurpose crop mostly used in Uruguay for bioethanol production. It requires high amounts of N fertilization for optimal growth, which causes environmental degradation and high production costs. Previously, a bacterial collection associated with surface-sterilized stems of sugarcane was characterized for in vitro plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. The aims of this study were (1) to determine if selected isolates from the collection are sugarcane growth promoters and (2) to determine if they are true endophytes of sugarcane.

ABSTRACT. Our study describes the clinical, epidemiologic, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular aspects (PCR) of a case of cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (Equus asinus) from Brazil. During a dry period, the animal grazed for 4 months around a pond where the vegetation remained green. Skin lesions were nodular, multifocal, and disseminated, mainly involving the legs, ventral chest, and mammary gland. On cut surface, there were multifocal to coalescent discrete yellow foci, and occasional small cavitations with a few kunkers.

ABSTRACT. Bacterial leaf spot of tomato is caused by four Xanthomonas species, among which Xanthomonas vesicatoria race T2 predominates in Uruguay. Difficulties in integrated disease management and the rapid spread of the pathogen led to investigations of genetic resistance. This study aimed to identify resistance sources to bacterial leaf spot race T2 in tomato for processing. Twelve genotypes were evaluated under field conditions in 2010 and 2011. Plants were spray-inoculated with a suspension of bacteria (108 cfu/mL) 15 days after transplantation.

ABSTRACT. The in vitro and in vivo control of Phyllosticta citricarpa (citrus black spot, CBS) on citrus fruits was evaluated using 14 essential oils (EOs) extracted from Uruguayan native plants. In vitro, volatile components of Chenopodium ambrosioides completely inhibited fungal growth. The dilution agar test showed that fungus reproduction was completely inhibited by Conyza bonaerensis essential oil (EO). The other 12 EOs tested showed high inhibition after 10?15 d, presenting fungistatic effects.

ABSTRACT. Background:Asian soybean rust (SBR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & Syd., is one of the main diseases affecting soybean and has been reported as one of the most economically important fungal pathogens worldwide. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of this fungus should be considered when developing resistance breeding strategies. We aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of P. pachyrhizi combining simple sampling with a powerful and reproducible molecular technique. Results:We employed Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique for the amplification of P.

RESUMEN. La deficiencia en la adhesión leucocitaria bovina (BLAD) y en la enzima arginosuccinato sintetasa (Citrulinemia) son enfermedades de herencia autosómica recesiva que han sido descritas a nivel mundial en la raza Holando. El objetivo de este estudio fue optimizar e implementar una metodología de genotipado para la identificación de animales portadores de los alelos causantes de estas enfermedades en una población cohorte de terneras de recría de la raza Holando de la cuenca lechera de Cerro Largo.

ABSTRACT. Metagenomics was used to characterize viral genomes in clinical specimens of horses with various organ-specific diseases of unknown aetiology. A novel parvovirus as well as a previously described hepacivirus closely related to human hepatitis C virus and equid herpesvirus 2 were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid of horses with neurological signs. Four co-infecting picobirnaviruses, including an unusual genome with fused RNA segments, and a divergent anellovirus were found in the plasma of two febrile horses.

ABSTRACT. Blackbirds (Icterinae) in North America, and dickcissels (Spiza americana Gmelin), eared doves (Zenaida auriculata Des Murs), and monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus Boddaert) in South America can cause serious economic damage to grain crops. Farmers frequently advocate lethal bird damage abatement measures based on the perceived need to take immediate action to avoid serious economic losses.