Abstract: Cacopsylla bidens (?ulc, 1907) is one of the key pests of pear. Its management has been based on broad-spectrum insecticides, which cause the appearance of resistance and the disappearance of the population of the natural controllers. This fact makes it necessary to find alternative strategies to control this pest, and the biological control can be a sustainable solution in the long term. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the ground cover management on psyllid populations and its natural enemies and register the natural enemies' families present in Uruguay.

Abstract: Pear flower bud necrosis (PFBN) has been observed in Uruguayan orchards affecting the productivity of the trees. Severity of the problem is highly variable across years and despite the fact that it is observed in several countries, the etiology of the disease is not always clear. To elucidate the cause of PFBN, different activities were implemented over several years:surveys of pear orchards to quantify PFBN severity, morphological and histological studies of diseased buds, and isolation of potential pathogenic microorganisms from affected tissues.

Abstract: Pear decline (PD) caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri' (subgroup 16SrX-C of apple proliferation or AP group of phytoplasmas) is an important pear disease (Pyrus communis L.). Pear production in Uruguay is based on 'Williams' plants initially grafted on quince that are planted deep and thus transformed into scion-rooted trees. Less vigorous rootstocks like Pyrus spp. and quinces that could be more susceptible to decline are beginning to be used for precocity.

Abstract: 'Williams' is the most cultivated pear in Uruguay and requires more than 900 chill hours to exit from the endodormancy. When this condition is not satisfied, the application of budbreak promoters is necessary to facilitate the bud swelling. The experiments were carried out in a pear orchard of 'Williams' (Pyrus communis L.) located in the Experimental Station INIA Las Brujas, during the 2017-2018 season. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of budbreak promoter applications on budbreak.

Abstract:This study evaluated the phenotypic trends for wool and growth traits of the fine Merino genetic nucleus in Uruguay. Data were collected from one?year?old lambs over a twenty?year period (1999?2018). The overall aim of the selection flock was to reduce fiber diameter with concomitant increases in fleece and live weights. Traits analyzed included fiber diameter (FD), greasy fleece weight (GFW), coefficient of variation of FD (CVfd), staple length (SL), scoured yield (SY), live weight post?shearing (LW), eye muscle area (EMA) and fat thickness (FAT).

Abstract. A selection of 11 microsatellite markers (SSRs) reported for fingerprinting germplasm collections of Pyrus spp. was used to genotype a collection of cultivars and rootstocks. This set of markers included the "minimum core" established by Evans et al. (2009). Cultivars with known origin ('Williams', 'Abbé Fétel' and 'Doyenné du Comice') were included as reference accessions. The comparison was performed among 44 accessions collected from old pear plantations with different commercial origins and date of introduction to the country.

ABSTRACT. Context. - Despite a wealth of analytical knowledge on factors and processes that operate to slow down or impede sustainability transitions in various sectors of society, design-oriented researchers face a lack of guidance on the ?how to? question for developing knowledge to support sustainability changes. From 2007, we crafted co-innovation as an approach for governance and management of change-oriented projects, combining three domains; a complex adaptive systems perspective, a social learning setting, and dynamic monitoring and evaluation. Objective.

ABSTRACT. Context. - Despite a wealth of analytical knowledge on factors and processes that operate to slow down or impede sustainability transitions in various sectors of society, design-oriented researchers face a lack of guidance on the ?how to? question for developing knowledge to support sustainability changes. From 2007, we crafted co-innovation as an approach for governance and management of change-oriented projects, combining three domains; a complex adaptive systems perspective, a social learning setting, and dynamic monitoring and evaluation. Objective.

ABSTRACT: Weeds can be hosting and alternative multipliers of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Among the main weeds, species of the genus Ipomoea stands out for their cosmopolitan presence and the negative impact on crops. In addition, they can behave as hosts and promote the reproduction of pests, diseases, and nematodes. However, the ability of Meloidogyne nematodes to infect morning-glory (Ipomoea spp.) is little understood. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the reproduction of M. arenaria, M. enterolobii, M. ethiopica, M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica, M.

Abstract: Conservation policies often promote land privatization to reduce incentives for deforestation. However, empirical evidence on the relationship between land?tenure form and forest conservation outcomes is inconclusive. We combined key informant mapping and geospatial analyses to test the association between the area under tenure and the area deforested by extra?local private and local nonprivate agents in the Argentine Dry Chaco over four decades (1976?2016). The study area is a typical commodity production frontier within a global deforestation hotspot.