Soybean is a major commodity crop in Uruguay, and genetic diversity is essential for crop breeding programs to achieve genetic gain, adaptation, and stability. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of a soybean diversity panel from China were characterized by the Soybean Breeding Program of the National Institute of Agricultural Research of Uruguay (ISBP) in order to assess its potential for use in the program.

Soybean grain quality with high protein and oil content is in high demand by domestic and international markets. The National Agricultural Research Institute of Uruguay (INIA) soybean breeding program aims to develop varieties that can meet those requirements.

Soybean is the most important crop in Uruguay. Stem canker caused by Diaporthe caulivora is one of the most yield limiting diseases, causing up to 24% yield losses.